Matrices as transformations

A matrix is a machine that moves every point of space at once. Once you see that, matrix multiplication, determinants, inverses and rank each become one picture.

45 min

After this lesson you can

  • Read the columns of a matrix as the places the basis vectors land
  • Compute a matrix–vector product two ways, as a combination of columns and as a stack of dot products
  • Explain why matrix multiplication is composition, and why the order matters
  • Interpret the determinant as signed area scaling and connect it to invertibility
  • Define column space, null space and rank, and check shapes before multiplying

In this lesson

  1. What makes a transformation “linear”
  2. A matrix is a record of where the basis vectors land
  3. Matrix times vector, two ways
  4. Matrix times matrix is doing one move, then another
  5. Shapes: the rule you’ll use every day
  6. The determinant: how much area changes
  7. Undoing a transformation: the inverse
  8. Rank, column space and null space
  9. In code

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