Reinforcement learning foundations

States, actions, rewards and returns; the Bellman equations that let a reward at the end tell the first step what it is worth; and the two classic ways to learn from them — dynamic programming and Q-learning.

50 min

After this lesson you can

  • Write down an MDP and the discounted return, and say what each symbol means
  • Derive the Bellman expectation equation from the definition of value
  • Run value iteration by hand and explain why it converges
  • Implement tabular Q-learning with ε-greedy exploration
  • Explain what DQN added to make Q-learning work with neural networks

In this lesson

  1. The agent–environment loop
  2. Value functions: how good is it to be here?
  3. Dynamic programming: value iteration
  4. Learning without a model: temporal differences
  5. Function approximation and the deep-RL milestones

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